For nearly 80 years Biblical gardens have been present in the natural and cultural landscape. The first gardens came into existence in the US. The idea to create such gardens spread from the US mainly across Europe, Australia and Israel. These gardens are being made all the time; recently we have observed their dynamic development. This study is to show the effects of the 20 years long scientific work to formulate the original genesis of the Biblical garden idea. The characteristics (...) of 64 facilities situated in 14 countries has been presented for the first time so widely. This enabled us to show both the history of these gardens and how they are situated in the cultural and social context. The effect of various factors inspiring people of various professions to create Biblical gardens both near sacral buildings and within the secular areas has been evidenced. Biblical gardens exercise the principles of gardens of senses and learning gardens. And it is the highly developed semantic layer that makes them stand out. (shrink)

Philosopher and mathematician Mścisław Wiktor Wartenberg, belongs to circles of experts of Immanuel Kant’s thought. How writes Wanda Bajor, the Thorough analysis of the Kantian philosophy gained him the acknowledgement in Poland and with the foreign lands. He tried to show that nor the idealism, nor the phenomenalism will lie, and a consequence of Kantianism is the realism. The critical interest with Kantian dualistic partition on this, what wonderful and is, what noumenal, Polish thinker of the turn of the century (...) translates on the author’s program of philosophy, wherein – asking after the possibility and the need of metaphysics – he undertakes attempt of the qualification of her status. Accordingly reaches for elaborate by Kant the definition of the metaphysics as the critical science about limits of recognition, throwing away simultaneously her primitive, speculative perception relevantly of the science treating about the transcendental world of themselves things in himself. Seeking arguments in defence of metaphysics, Wartenberg marks her high in the system of skills real, going deeply results of detailed sciences. He supposes, that all metaphysical considerations should be preceded by the thorough epistemological analysis, determining terminus a quo of metaphysical considerations. In the article I describe inspired with the transcendental Kant’s thought, project of Wartenberg’s philosophy whose the interpretation determines – dedicated to Adam Mironowski – the research work Obrona metafizyki. Krytyczny wstęp do metafizyki. (shrink)

In this paper I undertake anattemptindication of dependences binding philosophy with coaching. Round the coaching grew many myths. Thereby in the paper I refer coaching as the present form of helping professions with the second man ; the profession whose method and the tool reach philosophical thought of different epochs, determining a permanent foundationunder the humanities. This foundation determines till now elaborate by thinkers the knowledge about the man, to his form and the place in the world. The reflection over (...) philosophical aspects in coaching I begin from the description of chosen thoughts the ancient epoch in which the philosophy — accenting its own practical character — appears as art of living; across analysis of the meaning of Max Scheler and Nicolai Hartmann axiological ethics; finishing of the twentieth century eternal philosophy of dialogue. (shrink)

Artykuł jest próbą scharakteryzowania platońskiego idealizmu według wykładni Hermanna Cohena – filozofa w Polsce niemal zapomnianego; założyciela, a zarazem czołowego, obok Paula Natorpa i Władysława Tatarkiewicza, przedstawiciela marburskiej szkoły neokantyzmu. Tok analiz obejmuje cohenowskie tezy postawione przez filozofa w epistemologicznej pracy Platons Ideenlehre und die Mathematik. Postulaty, do których odwołuje się Cohen wiążą refleksję nad klasycznym idealizmem oraz statusem platońskiej idei z refleksją logiczno-matematyczną i zagadnieniem sichere Hypothesis jako hipotezy pewnej – hipotezy o statusie aksjomatu. W następstwie badań okazuje się, (...) że określenie roli matematyki: arytmetyki i geometrii, staje się nieodzowne w zrozumieniu idealizmu zarówno starożytnego Platona, jak również nowożytnego Kanta. Obaj, Platon i Kant, akcentują znaczenie apriorycznej myśli, logiki czystego myślenia, logicznego rozumowania, poznawczej władzy intelektu, nauki oraz krytycyzmu jako drogi poznawczego, a zarazem kształtującego charakter, postępowania podmiotu poznającego Przeprowadzony w artykule wywód, zakorzeniony w historyczno-filozoficznych analizach problemu, w podsumowaniu jest także próbą określenia znaczenia platońsko-neokantowskiego idealizmu dla współczesnych zagadnień naukowo-filozoficznych. (shrink)

Artykuł jest próbą empiriokrytycznej wykładni filozofii krytycznej Immanuela Kanta w ujęciu zaproponowanym przez Józefę z Krzyżanowskich Kodisową. Polska myślicielka czerpiąc z filozoficznego programu Kanta, próbując określić znaczenie Kanta dla filozofii współczesnej, wskazuje zarówno zalety jak i wady jego doktryny. Szczególną uwagę skupia na Kantowskiej epistemologii, zwłaszcza problemie apercepcji (empirycznej i tanscendentalnej), pojęciu samorzutności, poznawczym znaczeniu doświadczenia i empirycznej psychologii. Sięgając po empiriokrytyczny problemat energetyki i mechaniki, w artykule analizuję Kodisowej wykładnię filozofii jako nauki sprzyjającej rozeznaniu człowieka w otaczającym świecie.

Judaism and the Spirit of Human Nature: Hermann Cohen’s View of Culture in Ethical and Anthropological PerspectiveIn the paper, I argue for Hermann Cohen’s philosophy of Judaism by verifying the thesis, according to Cohen, being an apologist of the distinguished religion system, which perceives the spirit of Judaism in terms of the spirit of the human nature in general. Cohen regrets the fact that the ties between religion and culture have been broken. Asking about the unity of Culture, he openly (...) proclaims the view that one of the most well-known conflicts occurs between science about man and religion/theology as a science about God. This conflict has the status of a dispute pending in the broadly defined area of Culture. (shrink)

Autorka artykułu odniosła się do założeń rozprawy doktorskiej Mariana Massoniusa, a także uwzględniła założenia jego kilku pomniejszych prac dotyczących sposobu ujęcia Kantowskiego systemu filozofii krytycznej. Poddała analizie problem sądów analitycznych i syntetycznych oraz sądów syntetycznych a priori. Podjęła zagadnienie możliwości istnienia czystej matematyki, problem czasu i przestrzeni, opisała także sposoby ujęcia Kantowskich antynomii oraz teorii poznania rozwijanej w kontekście idealizmu oraz realizmu czasu i przestrzeni. Uwagę skupiła również na problemie umiarkowanego agnostycyzmu w filozofii Massoniusa oraz ujęciu filozofii w perspektywie nauki. (...) Podjęła również wysiłek udzielenia odpowiedzi na fundamentalne pytanie: dlaczego Marian Massonius, podobnie jak w 1865 roku wczesny neokantysta Otto Liebmann, rzucał wyzwanie powrotu do Kanta (Zurück zu Kant!) oraz głosił postulat koniecznego wypracowania krytycznej formuły apriorycznych form umysłu. (shrink)

Prakseologia jako praktyka czynu zainicjowana przez francuskiego intelektualistę Alfreda Espinasa i Aleksandra Bogdanowa to nauka o wszelkich sprawnościach ludzkiej działalności. Jak piszą Tadeusz Kotarbiński oraz Tadeusz Pszczołowski: będąc metodologią ogólną, której działania koncentrują się wokół wyodrębniania i systematyzacji bogactwa różnorodnych form działania, prakseologia staje się także próbą ich usprawnienia i upraktycznienia. To upraktycznienie zakłada analizę rzeczywistości oraz przyjęcie pewnych sposobów obchodzenia się z zasobami możliwości. Zatem prakseologia już jako tektologia każe nazywać wszelkie możliwe działanie organizowaniem lub łączeniem w całość bogatego (...) i skomplikowanego spiętrzenia zasobów. Jednym z efektów tego spiętrzenia powinna być gwarancja dopasowania środków do założonego celu, a zarazem towarzysząca temu okazja uzyskania optimum rezultatu. Artykuł pokazuje, że elementy prakseologiczne uobecniają się współcześnie w procesie coachingowym. Dzięki temu coaching jako aktywna forma komunikacji dialogicznej jest obecnie jedną z najskuteczniejszych form wspierania drugiego człowieka w samodzielnym odkrywaniu własnych zdolności oraz potencjału zasobów pozwalających sprawnie realizować wyznaczane cele. (shrink)

Conceptual primitives and semantic universals are the cornerstones of a semantic theory which Anna Wierzbicka has been developing for many years. Semantics: Primes and Universals is a major synthesis of her work, presenting a full and systematic exposition of that theory in a non-technical and readable way. It delineates a full set of universal concepts, as they have emerged from large-scale investigations across a wide range of languages undertaken by the author and her colleagues. On the basis of empirical (...) cross-linguistic studies it vindicates the old notion of the "psychic unity of mankind", while at the same time offering a framework for the rigorous description of different languages and cultures. (shrink)

Introduction 1. Language and meaning Nothing is as easily overlooked, or as easily forgotten, as the most obvious truths. The tenet that language is a tool ...

Making decisions can be tough, but how do you know it s the right one and how can you be sure that unconscious biases aren t distorting your thinking? In Risky Business, Anna Withers and Mark Withers draw on decades of research in the fields of psychology, behavioral economics and neuroscience to explain why are so-called rational brains are frequently fooled by over 100 powerful unconscious biases. At the same time they provide a straightforward framework everyone can use, where (...) these biases are embodied into eight memorable characters that help us to avoid these pitfalls and make better decisions.". (shrink)

The paper reports the results of a comparative analysis of the two groups students coming from temporarily disconnected families due to foreign work parents and teenagers with the same social environment, but without the experience of separation time. The subject of the analysis was: the cohesion of a family from the perspective of the evaluated adolescent and three factors of psychological loneliness: social loneliness, emotional loneliness and existential loneliness. The Loneliness Scale was used based on an original concept of multidimensional (...) sense of loneliness. The questionnaire for the survey of family cohesion were used too. The age, gender, family structure and the family lifestyle were controlled. Obtained results revealed significantly lower cohesion and significantly higher existential loneliness in group of teenagers from temporarily disconnected families. Not confirmed the supposition that made in earlier studies of temporarily disconnected families due to economic migration, that these teenagers suffer from a sense of emotional loneliness There has also confirmed the belief that the level of family cohesion and a sense of loneliness in adolescents is associated with atypical organization of family life associated with the duration of migration of parent/parents, frequency of contact with family members working abroad: mothers, fathers or broth parents, the duration of stays at home. (shrink)

This article investigates the challenges posed by the reliability of knowledge in neurophenomenology and its connection to reality. Neurophenomenological research seeks to understand the intricate relationship between human consciousness, cognition, and the underlying neural processes. However, the subjective nature of conscious experiences presents unique epistemic challenges in determining the reliability of the knowledge generated in this research. Personal factors such as beliefs, emotions, and cultural backgrounds influence subjective experiences, which vary from individual to individual. On the other hand, scientific knowledge (...) aims to uncover universal truths based on empirical observations and objective principles. Reconciling the subjective and objective realms presents a significant challenge in determining the reliability of knowledge generated through neurophenomenological research. This article aims to examine the inherent limitations and challenges of neurophenomenological research to shed light on the complexities involved in understanding the nature of knowledge itself. This article highlights that the ontological implications of the reliability of knowledge in neurophenomenology arise from the question of how subjective experiences relate to objective reality. Understanding the neural correlates and mechanisms behind subjective experiences can provide insight into the underlying ontological nature of consciousness. (shrink)

Confirmant notamment les analyses de Pascale Casanova dans La République des lettres , Zofia Bobowicz, traductrice et actuellement conseillère éditoriale aux éditions Noir et Blanc, explique dans cet entretien les difficultés de réception rencontrées par la littérature de l'Europe centrale en France, alors qu'il en va tout autrement dans d'autres pays. Connaissant depuis un quart de siècle l'univers éditorial français de l'intérieur, Zofia Bobowicz souligne le rôle joué par la critique littéraire et la conjoncture politique ou culturelle du (...) moment dans la diffusion de cette littérature, et, par voie de conséquence, dans sa traduction.Confirming such analyzes Pascale Casanova in The Republic of Letters , Zofia Bobowicz, translator and editorial consultant currently published by Black and White, explains in this interview the difficulties encountered by receiving the literature of Central Europe France, while it is quite different in other countries. Knowing the past quarter century French publishing world from the inside, Zofia Bobowicz emphasizes the role played by literary criticism and the political and cultural moment in the dissemination of this literature, and, consequently, in its translation. (shrink)

We prove that the Gödel incompleteness theorem holds for a weak arithmetic T = IΔ0 + Ω2 in the form where Cons H (T) is an arithmetic formula expressing the consistency of T with respect to the Herbrand notion of provability.

Habilitation thesis, book proposal in preparation.

The article is an attempt to reconstruct the Stanisław Lem’s views on the relationship between science and faith presented in his The star diaries. The author discusses three stories: The twenty­‑second voyage, The twenty­‑first voyage, and The twentieth voyage. The following questions are considered during the analysis of these novels: Does theology (as depicted by Lem), despite having no competence in the area, attempt to solve scientific problems? Does Lem suggest that Christian claims are potentially falsifiable? Can science lay the (...) foundations of theodicy? The answers to these questions appear helpful in explicating three models of the relationship between science and faith embedded in Lem’s stories: conflict regarding content, conflict regarding form, and cooperation. (shrink)

Nothing seems as certain as death. However, what if life continues digitally after death? Companies and initiatives such as Amazon, Storyfile, Here After AI, Forever Identity and LifeNaut are dedicated to precisely this objective: using avatars, records, and other digital content of the deceased, they strive to enable a digital continuation of life. The deceased live on digitally, and at times, these can even appear very much alive-perhaps too alive? This article explores the ethical implications of these technologies, commonly known (...) as Death Tech. With the advancement of artificial intelligence, Death Tech will inevitably transform mourning practices, our perception of death, and how we cope with its reality in the coming years. In this article, it is demonstrated that Death Tech can contribute to individual grief support, education, and a vibrant culture of remembrance. However, it is crucial to recognise that the Digital Afterlife is not a paradise but necessitates active designing and ethical deliberation. DOI 10.5771/0010-3497-2023-3-427. (shrink)

Computational explanations focus on information processing required in specific cognitive capacities, such as perception, reasoning or decision-making. These explanations specify the nature of the information processing task, what information needs to be represented, and why it should be operated on in a particular manner. In this article, the focus is on three questions concerning the nature of computational explanations: What type of explanations they are, in what sense computational explanations are explanatory and to what extent they involve a special, “independent” (...) or “autonomous” level of explanation. In this paper, we defend the view computational explanations are genuine explanations, which track non-causal/formal dependencies. Specifically, we argue that they do not provide mere sketches for explanation, in contrast to what for example Piccinini and Craver :283–311, 2011) suggest. This view of computational explanations implies some degree of “autonomy” for the computational level. However, as we will demonstrate that does not make this view “computationally chauvinistic” in a way that Piccinini or Kaplan :339–373, 2011) have charged it to be. (shrink)

The dead are among us. We are reminded of their names through the books we read, the hoovers we buy, the sandwiches we consume, the tarmac we travel on, the wellingtons we wear, or, frequently, the buildings we visit. Even if we settled on the criteria for being worthy of commemoration, what should we do about the fact that there seem to be so many people who would likely meet them? Commemoration is a form of attention giving, and attention is (...) a scarce resource. It is scarce even if it could be permissibly commanded at will. It is even more scarce when commanding attention may violate someone's freedom to decide for themselves where to bestow it. I will argue that when it comes to public commemorative attention, there are duties that fall on us all to remember the now dead victims of injustice. I will also offer reasons for why such duties would normally mean that we need to prioritize the remembrance of the victims of injustice ahead of remembrance that might be owed to those who had expectations of being remembered or even took steps by donations to secure such remembrance. (shrink)

The dead are among us. We are reminded of their names through the books we read, the hoovers we buy, the sandwiches we consume, the tarmac we travel on, the wellingtons we wear, or, frequently, the buildings we visit. Even if we settled on the criteria for being worthy of commemoration, what should we do about the fact that there seem to be so many people who would likely meet them? Commemoration is a form of attention giving, and attention is (...) a scarce resource. It is scarce even if it could be permissibly commanded at will. It is even more scarce when commanding attention may violate someone's freedom to decide for themselves where to bestow it. I will argue that when it comes to public commemorative attention, there are duties that fall on us all to remember the now dead victims of injustice. I will also offer reasons for why such duties would normally mean that we need to prioritize the remembrance of the victims of injustice ahead of remembrance that might be owed to those who had expectations of being remembered or even took steps by donations to secure such remembrance. (shrink)

Enjoying great popularity in decision theory, epistemology, and philosophy of science, Bayesianism as understood here is fundamentally concerned with epistemically ideal rationality. It assumes a tight connection between evidential probability and ideally rational credence, and usually interprets evidential probability in terms of such credence. Timothy Williamson challenges Bayesianism by arguing that evidential probabilities cannot be adequately interpreted as the credences of an ideal agent. From this and his assumption that evidential probabilities cannot be interpreted as the actual credences of human (...) agents either, he concludes that no interpretation of evidential probabilities in terms of credence is adequate. I argue to the contrary. My overarching aim is to show on behalf of Bayesians how one can still interpret evidential probabilities in terms of ideally rational credence and how one can maintain a tight connection between evidential probabilities and ideally rational credence even if the former cannot be interpreted in terms of the latter. By achieving this aim I illuminate the limits and prospects of Bayesianism. (shrink)